The thyroid gland can increase in size in the following diseases: sporadic and endemic goiter, tumor (adenoma, cancer, etc.), thyroiditis, tereotoxicosis, hypothyroidism. A common cause of this pathology is a lack of iodine in the body. Most of the territory of Russia is an iodine deficiency zone.Varieties of goiter The classification of goiter takes into account the following factors:1. The degree of enlargement of the thyroid gland (0 - normal size of the gland, 1- the increase is almost imperceptible and does not lead to deformation of the neck, 2 - a noticeable increase, 3 - the gland significantly squeezes neighboring organs).2. The nature of the increase. Enlargement of individual areas of the thyroid gland is called nodular goiter, uniform enlargement of the gland is called diffuse goiter. There is also a mixed form (diffuse-nodular).3. The nature of the dysfunction of the gland. A condition in which, despite the increase in its size, the thyroid gland continues to produce a normal amount of hormones is called euthyroid. Goiter may be accompanied by increased thyroid function (hyperthyroid state) and decreased function (hypothyroid state).Symptoms of an enlarged thyroid gland In a hypothyroid state, women complain of weakness, lethargy, drowsiness, low blood pressure, swelling, constipation, weight gain, menstrual irregularity. Hyperthyroid state, on the contrary, is accompanied by increased irritability, high blood pressure, weight loss. With the progression of this type of goiter, bulging eyes may appear. Any form of thyroid dysfunction is characterized by frequent mood swings.With goiter, accompanied by an euthyroid condition, women are mainly concerned about an aesthetic defect in the neck area. Sometimes the thyroid gland grows to such an extent that it partially or completely squeezes nearby organs and vessels. Compression of the trachea may be accompanied by difficulty breathing, compression of the esophagus - choking with food and even liquids.In women, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can be the cause of infertility, miscarriage and fetal pathology.Diagnostic methods to identify goiter in order to diagnose goiter, its type and causes, the endocrinologist, after a thorough examination, directs the patient to the following studies:- Ultrasound;- determination of thyroxine, TSH and other hormones in the blood;- puncture and laboratory examination (biopsy) of the gland tissues;- computed tomography;- radioisotope scanning.X-ray examination is used only in case of compression of the thyroid gland of neighboring organs.The choice of tactics for treating thyroid enlargement depends on the cause of the goiter. With endemic goiter, iodine preparations are indicated, with hypothyroidism - thyroid hormones. Antithyroid drugs (mercazolil, betazid, etc.), beta-blockers, iodides, and in difficult cases - glucocorticoids are prescribed to correct the hyperthyroid state. Sometimes radioactive iodine therapy is used to suppress the function of the gland. In cases of severe mechanical compression of neighboring organs by an enlarged gland, with a large nodular goiter and with severe thyrotoxicosis, surgical treatment is often used.Methods of prophylaxis To prevent thyroid enlargement, seafood (fish, squid, shrimp, seaweed), walnuts, persimmons, kiwi, as well as iodized milk, salt and bread should be consumed. The following vegetables have a significant iodine content: onions, cabbage, garlic, carrots, tomatoes, beets, asparagus, spinach. Iodine is partially destroyed during heat treatment, so it is most effective to salt ready-made dishes. Uygulama, mobil ekranlar için özel olarak tasarlanmıştır ve telefonlar ve tabletler için uygundur. Uygulamayı indirdikten sonra, kayıt olmadan demo sürümünü oynayabilirsiniz. Betandreas Canlı bayilerle canlı casino, sitenin ayrı bir bölümüne getirildi.